Botany

what is botany?

 Botany, also called plant science(s) or plant biology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.
simple isn't it 
now lets take a deep look at the structure of a plant shall we 

 

Roots

the root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil. However, roots can also be  aerating (growing up above the ground or especially above water). Furthermore, a stem normally occurring below ground is not exceptional either . Therefore, the root is best defined as the non-leaf, non-nodes bearing parts of the plant's body. However, important internal structural differences between stems and roots exist.
The first root that comes from a plant is called the
radicle. The four major functions of roots are 1) absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, 2) anchoring of the plant body to the ground, and supporting it, 3) storage of food and nutrients, 4) vegetative reproduction. In response to the concentration of nutrients, roots also synthesize cytokinin which acts as a signal as to how fast the shoots can grow. Roots often function in storage of food and nutrients. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with certain fungito form mycorhizzae and a large range of other organisms including bacteria also closely associate with roots.

Stems

Stems do many things. They support the plant. They act like the plant's plumbing system, conducting water and nutrients from the roots and food in the form of glucose from the leaves to other plant parts. Stems can be herbaceous like the bendable stem of a daisy or woody like the trunk of an oak tree.

 

Leaves

Most plants' food is made in their leaves. Leaves are designed to capture sunlight which the plant uses to make food through a process called photosynthesis.

Flowers

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division  called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate out-crossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower). Some flowers produce disapores without fertilization . Flowers contain sporongia are the site where gametophytes develop. Flowers give rise to fruit and seeds. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so as to cause them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen.

 

 

Fruit

In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in angiosperms formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which these plants disseminate seeds.Fruit provides a covering for seeds. Fruit can be fleshy like an apple or hard like a nut.

MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF FLOWERS

THE plants which bear flowers are called flowering plants and the plants that do not bear flowers are called non flowering plants.eg-mosses,ferns,algae. 

flowering plants can be divided into 2 categories

1)Dicotyledons

2)monocotyledons

Dicotyledons

  The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or more rarely dicotyledon), were one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants or angiosperms were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group, namely that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons There are around 200,000 species within this group

monocotlydens

 Monocotyledons , more properly referred to as mono cots, are flowering plants (angiosperms) whose seeds typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon.